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More The Origin Of The Universe Articles

What was the origin of the universe and what will be its fate? UCLA Cosmologist Ned Wright describes the tools used to answer these questions. He has been involved in Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), COsmic Background Explorer (COBE), the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and the Space InfraRed Telescope Facility (SIRTF), now called Spitzer. Series: UCLA Faculty Research Lectures [3/2009] [Science] [Show ID: 15879]
Video Rating: 4 / 5

30- Do not these disbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were an integrated mass, which We then split, and from water We made all living things? Will they not believe even then?

21-The Prophets, 30 

We deduce from the contents of this verse that it admonishes the unbelievers for ignoring the apparent miracles. The atheists’ basic contention is that matter has no beginning and that it is the matter that has generated everything, both living and inanimate things, by fortuitous act. The Big Bang theory refutes the basic assertion of atheism in positing that the universe and time had a beginning. “Do not these disbelievers see that…?” is significant. And as it is implied by this verse, the fact that the heavens and the earth were in a state of unity before they were rent asunder was something indeed conceivable by the human mind. The 1900s were the years during which scientific discoveries succeeded each other. Those were the years in which some people tried to point out the contradiction between science and religion. It was presumptuous of them as their whims had been indulged by the prosperity generated by the industrial revolution to idolize matter, daring to substitute it for God. The fact that matter was created – that it had had beginning – as proven by the Big Bang theory, was a blow for unbelievers. The concluding sentence of the verse “Will they not believe even then?” is significant in that history confirmed the truth of this and the unbelievers remained adamant despite evidence produced. 

Nevertheless, the arguments of this verse refute the unbelievers’ thesis of eternal matter and compel them to believe. This truth that was to be taken for a fact 1300 years after the revelation of the Quran was another warning for unbelievers. In history, there has been no one, other than the God through Quran, who claimed that the universe had been expanding and that the heavens and the earth had been split asunder. Ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, Plato, Thales – all those who had attempted to explain natural phenomena in natural terms – Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler and Kant, none of humanity’s great minds, had had an inkling of an expanding universe and of the fact that before creation the heavens and the earth had been an indivisible whole. Without the sophisticated equipment of the twentieth century at their disposal, and devoid of all accumulated scientific data, all of these celebrated philosophers and physicists had failed to take cognizance of this fact. The Creator of the universe communicated such important facts about His creation in His book and shed light on the celestial bodies, also proving thereby that the Quran had been His revelation. God unfolded to man the evidences of His creation, the creation that had originated from a single point in which man stood as another point. It is significant to note that while pointing at the comprehensibility of this revelation in the verse, “Do not these disbelievers see…?” He prefigures the stubbornness of unbelievers: “Will they not believe even then?” Einstein himself said that what astounded him was the comprehensibility of his discoveries about the universe, rather than the discoveries themselves. This shows how significant it was to stress the fact that these phenomena were in fact within the reach of man’s mental capacity.

COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION

The original unity of the universe is expressed by the Arabic word “ratq,” meaning the integrated state and the word “fatq,” signifying disintegration by separation. I have already mentioned that when Lemaître had posited this separation as described in the Quranic verse, his theory was first refuted. One of the contenders of this argument was Fred Hoyle. In the 1940s Fred Hoyle contended that if the Big Bang had effectively taken place there should have been a residue of the explosion, and asked that this fossil be shown. This satirical criticism led to the discovery of much evidence in support of the Big Bang theory. The expression “fossil” which was mockingly uttered by Hoyle became the scientific word for real evidence discovered later. While he was trying to debunk the theory of the Big Bang in a humorous way, he had unwittingly contributed to the confirmation of the Big Bang theory.

In 1948, George Gamow and his student Ralph Adler concluded that if the Big Bang theory were true, it must have had a fossil left behind as Hoyle had claimed. According to their logic, the low-level background radiation must have existed in every direction since the universe had begun expanding in every direction following the Big Bang. Radiation other than that caused by the Big Bang must have had particular points in space from which it departed. But the radiation generated by such an explosion could not be traced back to a point. With the universe’s dynamic expansion radiation must have scattered in every direction. In the 1960s, the form of radiation imagined by Gamow and Adler was made the subject of research by a group of scientists with precision instruments at their disposal at Princeton University. However, what they had been looking for was to be discovered by others in a very interesting way. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were researchers at the Bell Telephone Company. One day, quite unexpectedly, they detected a uniform microwave radiation that suggested a residual thermal energy throughout the universe of about 3 Kelvin, which is a temperature of 3 degree Celsius above absolute 0. At first Penzias and Wilson could not unravel the mystery and had to call their colleagues Robert Dicke and his team. When he hung up, Dicke understood that he had lost the cause as he took cognizance of the fact that the discovery that was to bring the Nobel Prize award had been the lot of others. Surveys of the cosmic 3-Kelvin radiation indicated that it was perfectly uniform in all directions. The residue that Hoyle believed nonexistent had been found. So the Nobel Prize went to Penzias and Wilson.

SATELLITE IN SUPPORT OF BIG BANG

After Penzias and Wilson shared the Nobel Prize in 1965, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), was rocketed into the sky in 1989. The data received from COBE confirmed the discovery of Penzias and Wilson. A great number of scientists evaluated the data produced by COBE as conclusive proof. Thus the process initiated by Lemaître in the 1920s was substantiated once again with new discoveries in the 1990s. 1400 years had elapsed since the revelation of the Quran and the satellite’s findings validated its statements. Supposing that we landed on a desert island and stumbled upon ashes: no one would doubt the fact that there had once been a fire on this island. The residue radiation that Penzias and Wilson ran across, and the COBE’s data, indicated the existence of the Big Bang. The contention by dissenters that the radiation scattered all over space had to be perfectly uniform in all directions is another indicator of the soundness of this evidence. 

One of the proofs substantiating the Big Bang theory is related to the hydrogen-helium ratio in the universe. In the 1930s, astronomers, basing their studies on the fact that every celestial object emits a particular light, had recourse to a spectroscope to analyze the composition of the stars and galaxies. Calculations made by means of the spectroscope and mathematical formulas demonstrated that the universe, at its initial stage, comprised an average of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium and 2% other gases like carbon and oxygen. Stars did not generate hydrogen and that much helium. Calculations made by scientists made it clear that 20%-30% of the helium must have been produced before the evolution of stars. Only the primordial fireball at the outset of the Big Bang could have generated such a light synthesis; the expectations in the wake of the Big Bang and the quantity of hydrogen and helium in space are just a few of the proofs validating the theory. 

Although the available scientific evidence is in itself sufficient to prove the Big Bang theory, we are witnessing a steady increase of this evidence. A Big Bang medium was created in Switzerland at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), the famous center that has the most powerful and versatile facilities of their kind in the world. The findings of the research carried out here lends further support to the theory. 

The law of thermodynamics supports the theory according to which the universe must have had a beginning; the second law of thermodynamics states that some processes in nature are irreversible and unidirectional, the direction being dictated by an overall increase in entropy. Thus, the energy grows less and less utilizable until it becomes of no profit. If the universe and matter had existed from eternity, the movement would have come to a standstill in eternal time. On the other hand, eternity does not pass; if it does, then it is no longer an eternity. In brief, the very fact that we happen to be at this point connotes the existence of a beginning. If we think that time was not created, the contradiction is inevitable and ends up with a dilemma. The only solution to the dilemma would be positing that time was created and that the universe must have had a beginning; these, as proved by the Big Bang Theory, are mutually validating evidences.

COULD MUHAMMAD HAVE SENT A SATELLITE

We have witnessed the verification of data received from the satellites sent into space. How did it happen that the Prophet had an insight into the fact that the earth and the heavens were an integrated mass before they were split? We asked whether the Prophet could have had a telescope concealed under the sand dunes, a telescope as sophisticated as the Hubble telescope? Are the unbelievers going to claim now that Muhammad discovered the primeval unity of the heavens and the earth by having recourse to calculations of the cosmic background radiation, and that he had sent his satellite long before the launch of COBE, 1400 years ago? Penzias and Wilson shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery. Would the unbelievers nominate Muhammad for the Nobel Prize for physics for having announced 1400 years ago that the universe had once been a whole before space began expanding? 

It is evident that anyone who contended that the Quran had not been sent by God, but was the work of the Prophet, would necessarily become an object of ridicule. However, those resolved to remain unbelievers would insist on their convictions regardless of all evidence being brought forth. So had it been with Abraham and Moses and Christ and so was it with Muhammad. The psychology of unbelievers has never changed throughout history. 

Those who opposed Moses declared that they would adhere to their own conviction, no matter what signs Moses would produce. 

132- They said: “No matter what kind of sign you show us, to bewitch us, we will not believe in you.” 

7-The Purgatory, 132

BIG BANG : SIGN OF GOD’S UNITY

Polytheistic beliefs have exhibited structures that differ according to the communities and times in which they have evolved. The polytheistic beliefs in ancient Egypt differ greatly from the polytheism of India. However, these systems have something in common. Every god has his apportioned domain where he exerts his sovereignty. The sun is a god, so is the moon, and the divinity whose sanctuary is the hills is another such being. Some of these control the rains, others the winds; some have control over the mountains, some over the rivers…In opposition to belief-systems that parcel out the universe, the monotheistic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam, saw the universe as a whole. These religions professed that severance and sundering could not be imagined in a universe created by one God. According to these religions what seems to be divided is but in appearance only, while the essence of the universe is one whole; the universe ruled over by God is one entity, with every one of its points being interrelated with all the other points. 

Famous philosophers of the past, from Kindî, Farabi, Averroes and Avicenna to Christian scholars, had announced that “One comes out of one,” positing thus the unity of God. These thinkers had tried to find a correlation between the occurrences in the universe whose logical conclusion would be the unity of God. In the aftermath of the Big Bang, this unity was once again proven. The origin of the universe was irrefutably one single composition. Considering that everything evolved out of this single entity, all elements should be in correlation with each other. No one could henceforth declare that the sun, the moon, man, the serpent or a plant had its respective creators. Unity lay beneath everything, and the Creator of this unity was also the Creator of the sun, the moon, the beasts and the plants that emerged from this unity. Even before the Big Bang theory, the irrationality of the idea that attributed different creators to different objects was evident. However, the Big-Bang proved with new evidence that God is One. 

1- Say: He, God, is One. 
2- God is He on Whom all depend. 
3- He begets not, nor is He begotten; 
4- And none equals Him. 
112-Absoluteness, 1-4

The origin of the universe as we know it, simplified by Dr. Carl Sagan.

Sean Carroll gave a similar talk at Perimeter Institute Quantum to Cosmos Science Festival: q2cfestival.com Speaking at the University of Sydney, acclaimed physicist and cosmologist Sean Carroll gives an entertaining and thought-provoking talk about the nature of time, the origin of entropy and how what happened before the Big Bang might be responsible for the arrow of time we observe today. Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. in 1993 from Harvard University and has previously worked at MIT. He is the author several acclaimed books. CHAST 2009 Templeton Lecture, University of Sydney Source: University of Sydney

In the two widest-ranging exercises on mapping the galaxies carried out to date, scientists have made findings that offer serious support for the Big Bang theory. The results of the research were presented at the winter conference of the American Astronomical Society.

The wide extent of the distribution of galaxies is evaluated by astrophysicists as one of the most important legacies from the first phases of the universe to have come down to the present day. It is therefore possible to refer to the information on the distribution and location of the galaxies as “a window opening onto the history of the universe.”

In their research that lasted several years, two independent teams, composed of British, Australian and American scientists, produced a three-dimensional map of some 266,000 galaxies. The scientists compared the data they collected on the distribution of the galaxies with the data for the Cosmic Background Radiation emitted everywhere in the universe, and made important discoveries regarding the origin of galaxies. Researchers analysing the data concluded that the galaxies formed where matter that formed 350,000 years after the Big Bang relatively clustered together, and then assumed their shape under the influence of the force of gravity.

According to the Big Bang theory, everything began from the explosion of a point of infinite density and zero volume. As time passed, space expanded and the gaps between heavenly bodies grew.

The findings in question confirmed the Big Bang theory, which states that the universe began from the explosion of a single point of zero volume and infinite density some 14 billion years ago. This theory has constantly been confirmed by tests consisting of decades of astronomical observations, and stands unrivalled on the most solid of foundations. The Big Bang is accepted by the great majority of present-day astrophysicists, and constitutes scientific verification of the fact that God created the universe from nothing.

In its ten-year-long research, the Anglo-Australian Observatory in the Australian state of New South Wales determined the positions in space of 221,000 galaxies by means of a three-dimensional mapping technique. The survey, which was performed with a 3.9 metre diameter telescope at the observation post, was almost ten times larger than any previous such study. (1) Under the leadership of Dr. Matthew Colless, director of the observatory, the team of scientists first determined the position of galaxies relative to one another and the distances between them. Then they modelled the distribution of the galaxies and studied the minute variations in that model in great detail. The scientists offered their research for publication in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

In a similar study carried out by the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, USA, the positions of some 46,000 galaxies in another region of space were similarly mapped and their distribution was investigated. The study, involving the use of a 2.5 metre diameter Sloan telescope, was carried out under the leadership of Daniel Eisenstein of the University of Arizona, and is to be published in the Astrophysical Journal. (2)

The results obtained by the two groups were announced during the winter meeting of the American Astronomical Society in San Diego, California, USA on 11 January, 2005.

Data obtained from the COBE satellite in 1992 revealed minute fluctuations in the emission of Cosmic Background Radiation.

An Important Confirmation

The data obtained as the result of long and careful work confirmed estimates made decades ago in the field of astronomy regarding the origin of the galaxies. In the 1960s, theoreticians estimated that galaxies may have seeded in regions where matter massed in a slightly higher concentration shortly after the Big Bang. If that estimate is correct, then the seeds of the galaxies should be capable of being observed in the form of tiny fluctuations in heat levels in the remains of radiation left over from the Big Bang and known as Cosmic Background Radiation.

Cosmic Background Radiation is heat radiation that only began being emitted 350,000 years after the Big Bang. This radiation, emitted everywhere in the universe, represents a snapshot of the 350,000-year-old universe, and can be observed rather like a fossil in the present day. This radiation, first discovered in 1965, was recognised as definitive proof of the Big Bang with various studies and observations, and was investigated in great detail. Data obtained from the COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite in 1992 confirmed the estimates made in the 1960s and revealed that there were ripples in the Cosmic Background Radiation. (3) Although at that time a partial link had been determined between these and the formation of the galaxies, that link could not be definitely shown until now.

However, that important link was constructed in the latest studies. Colless and Eisenstein’s teams determined a match between the ripples seen in Cosmic Background Radiation and those in the distances between galaxies. It was thus established that the galaxies seeded in places where matter that emerged 350,000 years after the Big Bang concentrated in slightly higher densities.

At a press conference on the subject, Dr. Eisenstein said that the way galaxies are scattered across the sky now corresponds to the sound waves that gave rise to that distribution. Researchers think that gravity affected the waves and shaped the galaxies. Eisenstein made the following comment:

“We regard this as smoking-gun evidence that gravity has played the major role in growing from the initial seeds in the microwave background (left over from the Big Bang) into the galaxies and clusters of galaxies that we see around us.” (4)

In a statement to the AAP news agency, Russell Cannon, from the other research team, noted that the findings were of the greatest importance, and summarised the significance of the research in these terms:

“What we’ve done is show the pattern of the galaxies, the distribution of the galaxies which we see here and now, is completely consistent with this other pattern that’s seen in remnants of the big bang…” (5)

Findings were also obtained from the study regarding the levels of matter and energy that constitute the universe, and the universe’s geometrical form. According to these, the universe consists of 4% normal matter, 25% dark matter (matter that cannot be observed but that is calculated to exist), and the rest of dark energy (mysterious energy that leads to the universe expanding faster than expected). As for the geometrical shape of the universe – it is flat.

Support for the Big Bang

Sir Martin Rees

The findings made in these studies have further strengthened the Big Bang theory. Dr. Cannon said that the research added serious weight to the Big Bang theory about the origin of the universe and emphasized that support in these words:

“We’ve known for a long time that the best theory for the universe is the Big Bang — that it started in some enormous explosion in a tiny space and it expanded ever since.” (6)

In a comment regarding the studies, Sir Martin Rees, the well-known Cambridge University astronomer, noted that despite using different statistical techniques and observations, the teams had arrived at the same conclusion, and that he regarded this as an indication of the results’ accuracy. (7)

Physicsweb.org, one of the most important physical sciences portals on the Internet, commented that the studies “provide further evidence for the standard big bang plus inflation model of cosmology.” (8)

Scientists learned that the universe had a beginning (Big Bang) and was expanding (Inflation) by reading the radiation and heavenly bodies in space thanks to the possibilities of modern science. However, these fundamental data are not at all new to mankind. Mankind has been reading these two facts, which scientists were only able to read in the depths of space in the 20th century, in the Qur’an for the last 1,400 years.

Two Basic Pieces of Information about the Standard Cosmological Model Are Provided in the Qur’an

In the Qur’an, and in the Torah and the Bible that were corrupted after their revelation, God has revealed that the universe and all matter were created out of nothing; in the Qur’an, the only text that has not been corrupted, He reveals one other miraculous secret that the universe is expanding.

The way the universe came into “being” from “non-being” is reported thus in the Qur’an:

He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. (Qur’an, 6:101)

The expansion of the universe, one of the main areas of research of modern science, is revealed in this verse:

And it is We Who have constructed the heaven with might, and it is We Who are steadily expanding it. (Qur’an, 51:47)

As we have seen, two elements of the standard cosmological model, the Big Bang and Inflation, were reported in the Qur’an at a time when the means of astronomical observation were very limited. This represents clear proof that the Qur’an was revealed by God. The findings of modern science are in complete agreement with what is related in the Qur’an, and these latest studies once again draw attention to that close compatibility.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR, HARUN YAHYA

Born in Ankara in 1956, Adnan Oktar writes his books under the pen name of Harun Yahya. Ever since his university years, he has dedicated his life to telling of the existence and oneness of Almighty Allah, and to disseminating the moral values of the Qur’an. He has never wavered in the face of difficulties and despite oppression, still continues this intellectual struggle today exhibiting great patience and determination. For mor information pls visit: http://www.harunyahya.com/theauthor.php

1- “Galaxy patterns reveal missing link to Big Bang,” January 12, 2005, online at: http://info.anu.edu.au/mac/Media/Media_Releases/_2005/_January/_120105redshift.asp

2- “Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies”, submitted to Astrophysical Journal on December 31st, 2004. See. Sloan Digital Sky Survey, “THE COSMIC YARDSTICK–Sloan Digital Sky Survey astronomers measure role of dark matter, dark energy and gravity in the distribution of galaxies,” January 11, 2005, online at: http://www.sdss.org/news/releases/20050111.yardstick.html

3- “Galaxy patterns reveal missing link to Big Bang”, January 12, 2005

4- Deborah Zabarenko, “‘Cosmological ruler’ helps measure the universe,” January 11, 2005, online at: http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=scienceNews&storyID=7297222

5- “Scientists Score Galaxy Breakthrough,” AAP, January 13, 2005, online at: http://www.macnewsworld.com/story/Scientists-Score-Galaxy-Breakthrough-39646.html

6- “Scientists Score Galaxy Breakthrough”, AAP.

7- Maggie McKee, “Big bang sound waves explain galaxy clustering,” NewScientist.com News Service, January 12, 2005, online at: http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6871; Mark Peplow, “Echoes of Big Bang found in galaxies,” News@nature.com, January 12, 2005, online at: http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050110/full/050110-8.html

8- “Galaxy surveys put cosmology on sound footing,” January 12, 2005, online at: http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/1/7/1

I come back to this topic on the origin of the universe, because my last video I thought was to condensed to get the message through, hopefully this one won’t suck. References: Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, The Nature of Space and Time, The Isaac Newton Institute Series of Lectures (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 20. Fred Hoyle, From Stonehenge to Modern Cosmology (San Francisco: WH Freeman, 1972), p. 36. PCW Davies, “Spacetime Singularities in Cosmology,” in The Study of Time III, ed. JT Fraser (Berlin: Springer Verlag) Frank Tipler, and John Barrow in the Anthropic Cosmological Principle [1986], p. 440 Astrophysics and Space Science 269-270 (1999): 723-740 Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, The Nature of space time, Isaac Newton Institute Series of Lectures (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), 20. JR Gott III, Creation of Open Universes from de Sitter Space, Nature 295 (1982):304-7. Christopher Isham, Quantum Cosmology and the origin of the universe, lecture presented at the conference Cosmos and Creation, Cambridge University, July 14, 1994 Alexander Vilenkin, Quantum Cosmology and Eternal Inflation, 11. John Barrow, Theories of Everything, 66-67. Vilenkin, Many Worlds in One, 182. A. Borde and A. Vilenkin, Eternal Inflation and the initial singularity, Physical Review Letters 72 (1994): 3305, 3307 www.phy.princeton.edu/~stein/ look under Answers to Frequently Asked Questions: Has the Cyclic model been cycling forever …
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Signs and Wonders of False Prophets and Messiahs

There is increasing concern about the end of the world and 2012, but what did Christ say would be the greatest deception of the last days? According to Bible prophecy, false Messiahs, false prophets and false apostles arise as this age draws to a close. These political and religious leaders seduce the unwary with good words and polished speeches, and later work great miracles, signs and wonders to deceive multitudes worldwide. Spiritual deception will dramatically increase, eventually so convincing it will be difficult to resist.

The Creator of Miracles

Real miracles are founded on existence of a living Creator, and without a Creator miracles could not occur. The Creator of the universe has authority over laws which govern our universe, and can intervene and bypass them when He chooses. These types of genuine miracles overrule current scientific laws, such as creation of new things out of nothing (overruling the first law of thermodynamics), and reversing the universal law of decay and death (overruling the second law of thermodynamics).

The Uniqueness of Christ’s Miracles

Unlike any human religious leader in history, Jesus Christ performed genuine miracles to reveal His divine identity. Christ’s authentic miracles overrule scientific laws such as creating something out of nothing (e.g. feeding five thousand from a few loaves and fishes), reversing the law of decay and death (e.g. healing the sick completely or raising the dead), and defying the law of gravity (e.g. walking on water or ascending into Heaven), uniquely demonstrating power not naturally existing in our present universe, and unmistakably identifying Him as the Creator. God’s miracles are never flawed or incomplete, but fully accomplish their intended purpose, and always bring glory to Him alone. Christ often appealed to His miracles as evidence He was the Messiah and unique Son of God, of the same nature as the Father in Heaven. Because the Father and Christ share the same divine nature, and because Christ came veiled in human form as the only Savior to men, Christ said no one comes to the Father but through Him. Therefore, our only hope of salvation is for Christ to graciously give us new life through a personal, loving relationship, and all self-glorifying ‘religions’ of men are a hopeless deception.

Our Universe is a Miracle

The very existence of our universe requires a miracle. Foundational scientific laws of this universe, such as the most basic law of cause and effect, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics, do not allow for our universe to have created itself, since the amount of mass/energy in our universe is absolutely fixed according to the first law. The universe can’t be infinitely old either, because otherwise it would already be decayed and dead according to the second law. If one projects backwards in time, then, our universe began in extremely complex order, cannot have come from itself, and according to cause and effect, must have originated from a cause equal to or greater than the effect. Imagining our universe came from other universes or dimensions or extraterrestrials does not provide a reasonable naturalistic answer, but only moves the same unanswerable question to other locations.

Nothing comes from Nothing

Most leading evolutionists, naturalists and atheists do not deny our universe has the appearance of careful design and irreducible complexity, but lightly ignore these foundational scientific laws, choosing instead to believe unimaginable design, including life, came about by natural means and not an intelligent Creator. There is no way of knowing how our universe began according to true science which requires the scientific method of observability, testability, and repeatability, but scientific laws could not more strongly point to a conscious, intelligent designer. Despite modern day dominance of naturalism in academia, the vast majority of people intuitively grasp that life must have come from an intelligent designer and not random chance via evolution, and continue to believe in a Creator. For an intricately ordered universe to suddenly appear out of nothing, believing in an intelligent Creator is much more reasonable and intuitive, requiring much less faith than naturalism, and there are no other choices.

Only Minds Create Machines

Special creation by God is obvious, since experience throughout history reveals advanced complexity always comes from an intelligent designer. When one considers this larger perspective, the idea of macroevolution is convoluted and counterintuitive, so how could anyone even conceive such a bizarre concept? Complexity in our most advanced technology and machines exists only because it is designed by living intelligence, so how can people believe otherwise with infinitely more complex machinery such as simultaneous existence, reading and writing of the vast DNA language, in addition to micro-machinery to build life so sophisticated that our finest computer technology appears massively archaic by comparison? Although falsely promoted as science, evolutionary naturalism is an irrational attempt to deny existence of a Creator that is incompatible with true science, including the laws of thermodynamics, paleontology, and genetics.

Life only comes from Life

There is no mechanism for biological evolution to occur, and there has never been even a working proposal for abiogenesis (life from non-life). Charles Darwin, who popularized the evolutionary concept, knew nothing about genetics, having died before the discipline existed. However, even Darwin recognized how serious the abiogenesis problem was for his theory, and conceded in The Origin of Species that all existing terrestrial life must have descended from some primitive life form that was called into life “by the Creator!” If life cannot arise from non-life, then life must have always existed from eternity, the general theory of evolution is not possible, and life in this universe must have been designed and created. Genetic information theory has now proved evolutionary ‘theory’ to be simply a man-made and irrational philosophic belief. Random changes to information destroy the function and outcome of that information, just as random changes destroy the manufacture and function of machines.

The War of Worldviews

Either there is a Creator or there isn’t. There is a supernatural, conscious, living being who created natural objects and processes, or it all happened by purely natural means with no conscious or living intelligence present or required.

The creation model claims there is a living Creator (God) who set in place and has power over the natural scientific laws prevalent in today’s world. He can override them if and when He thinks best as recorded in the Old and New Testaments. These miracles utilize power and processes that belong uniquely and personally to God, and don’t generally exist today. In short, the creation model postulates a being exists that is not subject to natural laws as we are, hence special creation of the universe and miracles are possible.

The evolution model claims everything came about by natural objects and processes we observe today, and that no conscious, living intelligence exists or ever has existed (i.e. no Creator). Therefore, in this model, ‘miracles’ that violate current natural laws are not possible. However, this model requires that the universe naturally comes from nothing (a ‘miracle’, since this violates the first law of thermodynamics), and that matter naturally organizes itself into more and more complex forms, including life from non-life and lower to higher life forms (a ‘miracle’, since this violates the second law of thermodynamics).

Evolution is Self-refuting

Even though the evolutionary model also requires ‘miracles’, there is no mechanism for the most fundamental laws of physics to run in reverse (which they must), since this model advocates natural laws are all there is or ever was. Evolution claims natural scientific laws always rule, but requires processes at the very origin of the universe as well as over billions of years that are the exact opposite of the most basic laws of physics.

The creation model requires faith in a being outside of natural laws, but the evolution model requires faith in both natural laws and the exact opposite of natural laws occurring simultaneously. Since there is nothing else besides natural laws in the evolutionary model that can account for exceptions to natural processes, the evolutionary naturalist model is a logical contradiction and self-refuting.

Accept No Substitutes

Miracles of God and evolutionary claims may both appear reasonable on the surface, but are fundamentally opposite. Moreover, deceivers abound who do fake miracles where nothing supernatural occurs, or where occult signs and wonders are performed for temporal gain. When people claim ‘natural’ or ‘supernatural’ miracles that bring glory and financial profit to men, you can know they are not of God.

Unlike religious and political leaders throughout history, Christ’s claim to be God and ability to work miracles is based on His identity as the unique Creator and Author of life. The kind of miracles done by Christ contradict the pervasive scientific laws of thermodynamics by creating something out of nothing and life from non-life. Christ’s claim as the Savior and Messiah is based foundationally on His identity as the supernatural Creator, which is why He has complete authority over the natural scientific laws He created.

As Christ predicted, deceivers are increasingly popular and convincing, so much more spiritual discernment is needed to see God clearly and recognize increasingly clever religious, political, and pseudo-scientific impostors that masquerade in His name.

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UK science teams are working on several missions that search for evidence of our origins in the depths of space.

Space telescopes like Hubble and XMM-Newton look out at the furthest reaches of space, collecting light from the youngest galaxies. They will be joined in the future by the Herschel Space Observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope and the Planck mission, all gathering evidence on the origin of the Universe, stars and planets.

Spacecraft also look for clues about the origin of life. Hubble can detect molecules of life on planets outside our Solar System, while Cassini Huygens and Rosetta seek answers by visiting our neighbours in space.

The ExoMars mission will visit Mars with the UK-devised Life Marker Chip (LMC), built to detect evidence of life under the surface of our nearest planet. Each new mission and every fresh discovery brings us closer to a better understanding of who we are, where we come from, and — ultimately — what the future might hold.

The Big Bang

The Big Bang is the only widely accepted model of how the Universe has developed over time. Astronomers have observed that the Universe is expanding and cooling. The crux of the Big Bang theory is, if you could turn the clock back, then earlier in time everything would have been denser and hotter. And the further back you go, the denser and hotter things get.

The theory’s name seems to suggest that the Universe started with a huge explosion. This is a misconception. According to the Big Bang model, the origin of the Universe was not an explosion of matter into already existing space – but the very beginning of space and time.

So why the name Big Bang? It was originally given by detractors to mock the theory and is a bit of name-calling that stuck!

Stars, planets and us

Observations and simulations have helped astronomers understand how star formation led to the formation of planets and even life itself.

The origin of stars

As the early Universe expanded, raw energy condensed into matter. Gas particles were pulled together under gravity to form clouds, called nebulae. Within these nebulae, the dense areas continued to grow ever denser under gravity, spin and heat. Eventually, the enormous pressure caused nuclear fusion to begin and stars were formed. This is how our own Sun began.

The origin of planets

The Hubble Space Telescope has captured images of planet-like disks around young stars. This leads us to believe that planets are formed from the debris of star formation. Left-over particles of gas and dust are bound together under gravity to form rocky and gaseous bodies around the star.

The origin of life

In the very act of living — and dying — stars fuse hydrogen to create all other elements in the Universe before returning them to space. This includes carbon, oxygen, calcium and all the elements that make up the molecules in our bodies. In the words of the late astronomer and former science fiction writer Carl Sagan: “We are all made of stardust”.

Theories about the origin of life on earth are being tested and explored through a number of BNSC-backed missions:

Rosetta is on its way to study a comet up close. It is believed that much of the water on Earth was brought here by comets, so it is possible that the complex organic molecules that formed the basis for life also came from cometary debris.

Cassini Huygens visited Saturn’s largest moon, Titan. This moon has an atmosphere similar to Earth’s when it was a young planet. By studying Titan, scientists hope to gain an insight into how life might have first become established on Earth.

The Aurora programme will help establish if life originated on other planets. UK scientists are developing the Life Marker Chip (LMC) instrument for ExoMars. This will look for signs of life below the surface of Mars.

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Through life, according to the Mest theory of origin and evolution, universe experiences itself.Universe and the observer both are, therefore, whole and the part respectively of the One and the same. The belief of the observer that he is other than the universe, the cardinal principle on what the modern science is based, is the root cause of this ignorance. The truth is slowly dawning with the search of unified theory reaching close to a dead end. ‘Ahm Brahmasmi’-is not the expression of an observer (it will sound utterly foolish if it is so) but that of the Brahm itself coming from its mouth piece, the life. The entrapment of the conscious self ( chetan-tatva) in a physical and material body ( jad-tatva) and the dominance of the latter over the former have lead the mind to this illusion.

The universe is essentially not ‘what we know and what we don’t know’ as in its completeness it is not knowable to its own part. The unchallengiablity of this incomplete knowledge, the mind has about the universe, is the ultimate truth. Science should progress from here, not with a sense of depression but with an enhance amazement that it will not have, can’t have and shouldn’t have a complete theory of the universe.

The eleven organs of knowledge, five of sense (gyan), five of work (karma) and the brain (mind) are the organs universe developed out of its freewill to know itself. In that will lies the genesis of our origin, the origin of life. Life so developed in the process of organic evolution of the universe is by its origin a part of the Cosmic Self. A part is denied and has, in fact, no right to know the whole.

Dr Will Durant makes a candid admission on the first page (To the reader) of his highly acclaimed book “The Story of Philosophy”, when he says that ‘this is not a complete history of philosophy. It is an attempt to humanize knowledge….’ He further admits in his preface to the second edition- ‘the worst sin of all the-though the critics do not seem to have noticed- was the omission of Chinese and Hindu philosophy’.

The two philosophies jointly constituting what is known as Eastern wisdom ,for the linguistic obscurantism or for some other obscure reasons, could never get their due in the process Dr. Durant defines as humanization of knowledge. Even Fritjof Capra in his famous book’ The Tao of Physics’ has made a laudable attempt but has still superficially delved into Hindu Philosophy. The vastness and at the same time unavailability of this unfathomable scriptural treasure of knowledge has limited the scope of such scholarly exploration. To be precise, one finds it immensely difficult to separate grains from chaff as lot of unadulterated crap has found its way into, in the holy name of ‘religion’.

Searching the evolutionary route to life, at some stage, I was convinced that it can’t completely bypass the Vedic Philosophy though the unavoidable incessant gobbledygook always discouraged me. Somehow I embarked on the search to find pearls of knowledge in that vast sea and never looked back.

Reference from ancient books of wisdom have since then become a more or less recurring feature in my articles related to Mest theory and will hopefully continue till my last breath . In my latest deep-diving exercise in those calm waters, I happened to catch some Shrutis from Ken Upanishad which were in perfect consonance with my Mestern view relating to the origin of life in the Universe. Here I go with those; it is for readers to find whether those really make some sense to them.
1. Yadvachanbhyuditam yen Vagbhyudyatey : That( Brahm, the Cosmic self) is not expressible by speech rather speech is his expression.
2.Yanmansa na manutey yenahurmano matam :Mind can’t ideate that as that has ideated the mind.
3.Yachchkshussa na pashyati yen chakshunssi pashyati : That can’t be seen with the eyes as that enables eyes to see.
4.Yachchotrenh na shranhoti yen shrotramidamshrutam : That can’t be heard by ears as that makes ears hear.
5. Yatpran na pranhiti yen pranha pranhiyate : That is not a subject of life as life is subject to that.
6.Tadeva Brahm tvam viddhi nedam yadidamupasatey : The Universe you know and acknowledge as universe is not the universe.

To sum up, the universe or the Purush, we worship as God, has not created us but has evolved Himself into intelligent life to find and experience Himself. We are just instrumental in existence. We are not entitled to an independent identity or so to become an observer. We are the part of the observation as well as the experiment. We are here to experience that universe is experiencing through us.

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